Computational engineering analysis of external geometrical modifications on MQ-1 unmanned combat aerial vehicle

This paper focuses on the effects of external geometrical modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of the MQ-1 predator Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) using computational fluid dynamics. The investigations are performed for 16 flight conditions at an altitude of 7.6 km and at a constant speed of 56.32 m/s. Two models are analysed, namely the baseline model and the model with external geometrical modifications installed on it. Both the models are investigated for various angles of attack from −4° to 16°, angles of bank from 0° to 6° and angles of yaw from 0° to 4°. Due to the unavailability of any experimental (wind tunnel or flight test) data for this UCAV in the literature, a thorough verification of calculations process is presented to demonstrate confidence level in the numerical simulations. The analysis quantifies the loss of lift and increase in drag for the modified version of the MQ-1 predator UCAV along with the identification of stall conditions. Local improvement (in drag) of up to 96% has been obtained by relocating external modifications, whereas global drag force reduction of roughly 0.5% is observed. The effects of external geometrical modifications on the control surfaces indicate the blanking phenomenon and reduction in forces on the control surfaces that can reduce the aerodynamic performance of the UCAV.     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

存在干扰下的无人机中继站波束成形算法

无人机(UAV)通信具有部署快、使用灵活、通信质量好等优点,在无线通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。采用UAV作为中继站构成的增强型卫星通信网络经常受到各种干扰的影响,导致其性能急剧下降。以信干噪比(SINR)最大化为准则,UAV中继站发射功率满足要求为约束条件的优化问题的基础上,提出了一种基于最大瑞利熵的波束成形(BF)算法,得出最优权矢量。为了降低BF算法的实现复杂度,进一步提出了一种基于迫零(ZF)的次优BF算法。计算机仿真验证了这2种BF算法的有效性。     

高超声速滑翔再入定向定速打击末制导算法

以具有终端落角和落速约束的小升阻比短距滑翔高超声速再入打击飞行器为研究对象，通过引入弹道调整段来实现对飞行器的初步大幅度减速，并使其满足中末制导交班条件，以解决飞行器捕获目标后难以直接对其进行定向定速打击的问题。首先设计了一种变角偏差反馈系数的偏置比例制导律，解决了末端攻击段弹道下压困难以及导引头视场稳定跟踪等问题。在此基础上，建立了一种基于攻角和弹道倾角估计的末端减速指令生成方法，有效解决了基于理想速度曲线减速控制方法精度不足的问题。因此，数值仿真结果表明该制导方案能够有效控制飞行器终端落角和落速，并具有较高的制导精度。     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

基于变量集结预测控制的四旋翼无人机控制器设计

针对四旋翼无人机路径跟踪问题，设计了一种基于变量集结预测控制的控制器。首先以四旋翼无人机状态空间模型为基础建立预测模型；接着设计控制器时采用分段集结的策略把控制量集结成三段优化序列以减少优化计算量，并降低优化保守性，为了进一步加强系统稳定性，控制器引入终端代价函数和终端约束；最后用四旋翼无人机的动力学模型作为被控对象进行仿真验证，结果表明：该控制器能使四旋翼无人机在三轴方向均能实现一个良好的路径跟踪效果。与传统方法相比，这种基于变量集结的预测控制策略能够减小在线优化量，更适合四旋翼无人机飞控芯片的应用。     

50吨级氢氧火箭发动机的设计与研制

系统性地回顾了长征五号运载火箭芯一级50t级氢氧火箭发动机YF-77的设计与研制历程。通过分析氢氧发动机的特点以及国内外氢氧发动机的发展现状，阐述了国内新一代运载火箭研发的技术路线和50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制背景；对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的总体技术方案及其特点进行了分析与总结，并在此基础上对发动机主要组件的技术方案及其特点开展分析；对发动机热试车情况、可靠性验证情况和故障排除情况进行了分析；对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制情况、技术特点进行了总结，并对国内氢氧发动机和液氧/甲烷发动机的发展进行了展望。     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

系列化构型运载能力设计余量留取方法研究

调研了美国航天型号研制中设计余量留取的情况,结合系列化构型论证工作,对运载能力设计余量留取问题进行了初步研究,分析了关键参数对运载能力的影响,针对不同目标轨道、系列化构型的差异,探索得到了运载能力设计余量差异化留取的方法。